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Réponse:
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Explications:
The Industrial Revolution played a significant role in causing the scramble for Africa through several interconnected mechanisms.
Firstly, the Industrial Revolution led to a surge in European demand for raw materials such as minerals, rubber, and palm oil, which were abundant in various parts of Africa. European powers sought to secure access to these resources to fuel their industrial economies and maintain their competitive edge in the global market.
Secondly, the technological advancements of the Industrial Revolution, particularly in transportation and communication, enabled European powers to penetrate deeper into the African continent. The development of steamships and railroads facilitated the movement of European goods, military forces, and settlers into previously inaccessible regions of Africa.
Furthermore, the Industrial Revolution heightened the need for new markets for European manufactured goods. As industrial production increased, European powers sought to establish colonies in Africa as captive markets for their products. This economic motive further fueled the scramble for Africa as European nations competed to expand their colonial holdings.
Additionally, the Industrial Revolution led to a population boom in Europe, resulting in increased competition for land and resources. This demographic pressure provided an additional impetus for European powers to seek territorial expansion in Africa as a means of relieving domestic social and economic tensions.
In summary, the Industrial Revolution created a confluence of economic, technological, and demographic factors that drove European powers to engage in the scramble for Africa as they sought to exploit its resources, open new markets, and alleviate domestic pressures.